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What Are the Certificate of Conformity and TTB? An Updated Guide to Turkish Citizenship Through Real Estate Investment

What Are the Certificate of Conformity and TTB? An Updated Guide to Turkish Citizenship Through Real Estate Investment

For foreign investors seeking to acquire Turkish citizenship by purchasing real estate in Türkiye, the process involves much more than simply purchasing a property. A number of legal and administrative factors must be assessed together, including whether the property is eligible for a citizenship application, whether the investment amount meets the threshold stipulated under the applicable legislation, the nature of the payment documents, the property's title deed records, the valuation procedures, and the annotation restricting the sale of the property for a period of three years. One of the important stages of this process is the Certificate of Conformity, also referred to as the Real Estate Investment Determination Certificate. In addition, following the regulations introduced in 2024, the Real Estate Acquisition-Based Amount Determination Certificate for Citizenship Acquisition (TTB) has become an important element in determining the investment amount. Accordingly, the approach of a foreign investor stating, “I have purchased a house worth USD 400,000; can I immediately apply for Turkish citizenship?”, is not sufficient on its own. The property's eligibility for citizenship p..

Annulment of General Assembly Resolutions in Joint Stock Companies

Annulment of General Assembly Resolutions in Joint Stock Companies

    The general assembly in joint stock companies is one of the most important corporate bodies through which shareholders express their will regarding the management of the company and fundamental corporate decisions. Resolutions adopted by the general assembly may have significant consequences for the company’s activities, board of directors, profit distribution, capital transactions, and shareholders’ rights.   However, not every general assembly resolution is necessarily lawful. General assembly resolutions of a joint stock company that are adopted in violation of the law, the company’s articles of association, or the principle of good faith may be annulled by a court if the conditions prescribed by law are met.   Therefore, questions such as “How can a general assembly resolution of a joint stock company be annulled?”, “How long is the limitation period for filing an action against a general assembly resolution?”, “Who can request the annulment of a general assembly resolution?” and “Which general assembly resolutions can be annulled?” are of particular importance, especially for shareholders, the board of directors, and members of the board of directors.   In this art..

How Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Türkiye? 2026 Updated Guide

How Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Türkiye? 2026 Updated Guide

  The number of foreigners seeking to invest in Türkiye, conduct commercial activities, or establish a business is increasing every day. Under Turkish law, foreign individuals and legal entities are generally permitted to establish companies in Türkiye, and the company formation process is largely similar to the system applicable to Turkish citizens. However, additional matters must be considered when foreigners establish a company in Türkiye, including passports, tax identification numbers, documents relating to foreign shareholders, apostille and notarization procedures, and, where a foreign shareholder will actively work in Türkiye, work permit requirements. For this reason, before establishing a company, foreign investors should assess not only the type of company they intend to establish but also the required incorporation documents, capital structure, work permit requirements, residence status, and post-incorporation obligations as a whole.   In this article, we address the most frequently asked questions regarding company formation by foreigners in Türkiye, including how foreigners can establish a company in Türkiye, which documents are required for a company with foreign..

Removal and Withdrawal of Shareholders in a Limited Liability Company

Removal and Withdrawal of Shareholders in a Limited Liability Company

Under Turkish law, the withdrawal or removal of a shareholder from a limited liability company does not occur merely because there is a dispute between the shareholders. For both procedures, the applicable statutory provisions, the articles of association, general assembly resolutions, and, where necessary, court proceedings must be taken into consideration. Therefore, it should not be assumed that a shareholder can withdraw from the company or be removed simply by submitting a resignation letter, adopting a shareholders’ resolution, or sending a notarized notice. For the transaction to be legally valid, it is important to determine the procedure appropriate to the circumstances of the case, examine the applicable decision-making quorums, calculate the separation payment (squeeze-out/withdrawal compensation), and properly complete the relevant trade registry procedures. This article explains the ways in which a shareholder of a limited liability company may withdraw from the company, the circumstances under which a shareholder may be removed, actions for withdrawal for just cause, legal remedies against a removal decision, and matters concerning the separation p..

 Required Documents for Work Permit Applications in Turkey and Sector-Specific Requirements

Required Documents for Work Permit Applications in Turkey and Sector-Specific Requirements

Obtaining a work permit in Türkiye is a crucial legal requirement for foreign nationals seeking employment and for employers wishing to hire international talent. The work permit application process involves strict documentation requirements, which may vary depending on the applicant’s profession, industry, qualifications, and the employer’s corporate structure. Missing or inaccurate documents can result in delays, requests for additional information, or the rejection of the application. Whether you are a foreign employee, investor, company executive, engineer, healthcare professional, educator, or employer planning to recruit foreign workers in Türkiye, understanding the applicable legal requirements is essential for a successful application. In this guide, Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm explains the documents required for work permit applications in Türkiye, industry-specific requirements, employer obligations, and the most important legal considerations to ensure compliance with Turkish immigration and labor regulations. This summary is optimized for keywords such as Turkey Work Permit, Work Permit Application in Turkey, Documents Required for a Turkish Work Perm..

What Is the Loss of Turkish Citizenship? Renunciation of Turkish Citizenship, Revocation, and Blue Card Rights

What Is the Loss of Turkish Citizenship? Renunciation of Turkish Citizenship, Revocation, and Blue Card Rights

As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm, we provide comprehensive and professional legal services to our clients in matters concerning the loss of Turkish citizenship, renunciation of citizenship, revocation of citizenship, and cancellation of citizenship, which are frequently encountered within the scope of immigration law, citizenship law, and administrative law disputes. The loss of Turkish citizenship, just like its acquisition, may have significant consequences for an individual’s legal status, rights in Türkiye, and international standing. In particular, applications for renunciation of Turkish citizenship, the Blue Card regime, decisions regarding deprivation of citizenship, and citizenship cancellation procedures involve complex legal processes and require careful legal assessment in order to prevent potential loss of rights. Therefore, it is crucial to properly analyze the legal requirements for the loss of citizenship, to conduct administrative procedures in compliance with the applicable legislation, and, where necessary, to pursue available judicial remedies before the administrative courts. In this article, we will examine in detail the circumstances under whic..

From What Date Can a Rent Determination Lawsuit Be Filed Under Article 344/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations (TCO) If the Parties Have Executed a Supplementary Agreement on the Rent Amount?

From What Date Can a Rent Determination Lawsuit Be Filed Under Article 344/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations (TCO) If the Parties Have Executed a Supplementary Agreement on the Rent Amount?

As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Office, we provide comprehensive legal consultancy and litigation services in disputes arising from tenancy law. In particular, in rent determination lawsuits filed pursuant to Article 344/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations, determining whether the tenancy relationship has exceeded the five-year period and assessing the effect of subsequent rent adjustment agreements on this period are of critical importance. In practice, disputes frequently arise regarding whether additional protocols or subsequently executed agreements between the parties restart the statutory five-year period. In this article, we examine the legal consequences of supplementary agreements increasing the rent amount, the circumstances under which a subsequent agreement may be considered a new lease agreement, the evaluation of comparable market rental values, and the current case law of the Court of Cassation and Regional Courts of Appeal. We also discuss from which date a rent determination action may be filed under Article 344/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations...

Rental Assistance and Other Supports Provided Under Urban Transformation

Rental Assistance and Other Supports Provided Under Urban Transformation

As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Office, we provide legal consultancy services to our clients regarding rental assistance, interest subsidies, and financing opportunities available to rights holders within the scope of urban transformation processes carried out under Law No. 6306. In order to encourage the redevelopment of buildings classified as risky structures, the legislation provides various financial support mechanisms, including rental assistance for property owners and, under certain conditions, tenants, assessment loans for risk determination procedures, demolition loans for the removal of risky buildings, construction loans for reconstruction projects, and interest subsidies for bank loans. Furthermore, tenants and holders of limited real rights who meet the statutory requirements may also benefit from housing or workplace allocations. In this article, we briefly examine the scope of these financial support mechanisms, the application requirements, and the key practical considerations arising within the urban transformation process...

Administrative Termination of a Construction Contract in Urban Transformation Projects

Administrative Termination of a Construction Contract in Urban Transformation Projects

As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm, we provide comprehensive and professional legal services to our clients in matters concerning the administrative termination of construction agreements, which frequently arise in practice within the scope of urban transformation law, construction law, and real estate law disputes. Particularly in urban transformation projects carried out under Law No. 6306 on the Transformation of Areas Under Disaster Risk, the termination of construction agreements due to a contractor’s failure to fulfill its contractual obligations may lead to significant legal consequences for property owners, contractors, and public authorities alike. Accordingly, it is of utmost importance that the legal conditions for termination are properly assessed, that the application process is conducted in compliance with the relevant legal requirements, and that any resulting disputes are managed effectively. In this article, we will examine in detail the conditions under which a construction agreement may be terminated by the administration pursuant to Law No. 6306, the applicable application procedure, the calculation of the relevant statutory periods, and the legal i..

Conditions, Time Limits, and Methods of Proof in an Action for Recovery of Property (Istihkak Claim)

Conditions, Time Limits, and Methods of Proof in an Action for Recovery of Property (Istihkak Claim)

An action for recovery of property (istihkak claim) is a lawsuit filed when it is alleged that an asset seized during enforcement proceedings does not belong to the debtor but to a third party. In other words, a third party who claims ownership or another real right over the seized property files an action for recovery of property in order to protect that right.     ..

Inheritance Transfer for Foreign Nationals in Turkey

Inheritance Transfer for Foreign Nationals in Turkey

The transfer of inheritance for foreign nationals is a multi-faceted process that must be evaluated within the framework of both Turkish law and the foreign legal systems to which the heirs are subject. The determination of the applicable law, the certificate of inheritance, and transactions concerning immovable property are of great importance for the proper conduct of the process. For this reason, inheritance transfer procedures involving foreign nationals require a careful approach that addresses both their legal and administrative aspects together. ..

Dissolution of Joint Ownership (Izale-i Shuyu) Lawsuit

Dissolution of Joint Ownership (Izale-i Shuyu) Lawsuit

Dissolution of joint ownership (izale-i shuyu) lawsuits are significant legal processes that aim to eliminate uncertainty and de facto disputes among co-owners in immovable properties subject to shared ownership or joint ownership. The options of dissolving the joint ownership through partition in kind or through sale must be carefully evaluated in line with the nature of the immovable property and the interests of the co-owners. For this reason, izale-i shuyu lawsuits are among the types of cases that have both technical and legal aspects and require meticulous planning from the very beginning of the process...

Eviction Lawsuit Due to Need

Eviction Lawsuit Due to Need

Eviction lawsuits due to need are among the important areas of dispute that require the real and sincere need of the landlord for the immovable property to be evaluated within a legal framework. If the need for housing or a workplace is not presented in accordance with procedural requirements, the process may both be prolonged and lead to loss of rights. For this reason, eviction lawsuits due to need require a careful legal approach in which statutory conditions are meticulously addressed and evidence and legal grounds are constructed accurately...

Fraudulent Inheritance Lawsuit

Fraudulent Inheritance Lawsuit

Fraudulent inheritance (muris muvazaası) lawsuits are of great importance within inheritance law for protecting the rights of heirs. These lawsuits aim to determine when the deceased’s assets were disposed of contrary to their true intent and to render transactions that resulted in unjust enrichment invalid. As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm, our experienced team carefully manages every stage of the legal process in fraudulent inheritance lawsuits, ensuring that your heirs’ rights are fully protected...

Administrative Law

Administrative Law

At Uzunpınar & Tüfek Law Firm, we provide comprehensive and strategic solutions for individuals and corporate clients who face rights violations in their interactions with public institutions. Administrative law is the field that protects the rights of individuals and businesses against the actions of state organs and public authorities. We are committed to effectively defending our clients’ rights in this area...

CONTRACT LAW

CONTRACT LAW

  At Uzunpınar & Tüfek Law Firm, we provide our clients with comprehensive and reliable legal consultancy services throughout all stages of contract preparation, review, negotiation, and implementation. As Contract Law forms the foundation of both commercial and personal relations, it is of utmost importance that each contract is drafted in line with the client’s needs and legal security...

Unjust Enrichment (Ecrimisil) Lawsuit

Unjust Enrichment (Ecrimisil) Lawsuit

Ecrimisil lawsuits are among the significant ownership disputes that arise when an immovable property is used unlawfully and without the consent of the rightful owner. The determination of unlawful use, the duration of such use, and the calculation of the compensation that may be claimed require the legal and technical aspects of the process to be evaluated together. For this reason, ecrimisil lawsuits must be handled within the framework of a careful legal approach that requires full command of the relevant legislation and the proper presentation of evidence in order to prevent any loss of rights...

Acquisition of Exceptional Citizenship by a Foreign Investor

Acquisition of Exceptional Citizenship by a Foreign Investor

The exceptional acquisition of Turkish citizenship by foreign investors is a special process in which investment decisions give rise not only to economic but also to legal consequences. The fulfillment of criteria such as real estate acquisition, capital investment, or creation of employment in compliance with the relevant legislation plays a decisive role in the proper progression of the application. For this reason, acquisition of citizenship through the exceptional procedure stands out as a field requiring expertise, in which administrative procedures are managed meticulously and legal assessments are carried out accurately...

Permission to Show the Leased Property Lawsuit

Permission to Show the Leased Property Lawsuit

Permission to Show the Leased Property lawsuits are among the special types of disputes aimed at preserving the balance of interests between the parties throughout the continuation of the lease relationship. Where the showing of the leased property to third parties for legally valid reasons such as sale or re-leasing is obstructed, the conditions under which this right may be exercised must be carefully assessed. For this reason, permission to show the leased property lawsuits constitute legal processes that must be addressed within the framework of lease-specific regulations, with due regard to the principles of proportionality and necessity...

Investment Consultancy

Investment Consultancy

  Reliable, comprehensive, and strategically planned legal consultancy is essential for individuals and institutions planning to invest both in Turkey and abroad...

Foreigners Law

Foreigners Law

  Foreigners Law is a branch of law that regulates the legal status of foreign nationals residing in Türkiye, in matters such as residence permit, work permit, citizenship, acquisition of immovable property, and deportation decisions. This area has gained significant importance in recent years, especially with the increase in migration processes. For foreigners who wish to live, work, invest, or acquire citizenship in Türkiye, proper management of these procedures is critical to prevent legal mistakes that may lead to irreversible consequences...

Documents Required For Turkish Citizenship Application

Documents Required For Turkish Citizenship Application

The Turkish citizenship application process is a procedure that is conducted meticulously before administrative authorities and in which proper documentation is of great importance. In order for the application to be duly evaluated, the requested documents must be submitted in a complete, up-to-date, and legally compliant manner. Therefore, the documents required for applying for Turkish citizenship must be carefully determined according to the type and legal basis of the application and must be properly prepared from the very beginning of the process...

Commercial Law

Commercial Law

Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm provides strategic legal consultancy in the field of commercial law to ensure that companies and investors conduct their commercial activities in a secure sustainable and legally compliant manner From commercial contracts to corporate structuring and the resolution of commercial disputes we deliver result oriented solutions that protect our clients commercial interests at every stage We stand by your side to minimize legal risks in your commercial relationships and to establish a strong legal foundation..

Consumer Law

Consumer Law

  It is a specialized branch of law that ensures the protection of consumers against unfair practices encountered when purchasing goods and services and is subject to regulations at both national and international levels...

Corporate Law

Corporate Law

  Corporate law goes far beyond company formation — it covers every stage from incorporation to liquidation...

Urban Transformation Law

Urban Transformation Law

  Urban transformation law is a specialized branch of law that regulates the legal relationships arising in the processes of identifying, evacuating, demolishing, and reconstructing buildings at risk of disasters..

Real Estate Law

Real Estate Law

  Real estate law is the branch of law that covers all transactions related to immovable properties such as land, plots, residences, and commercial properties, as well as the disputes that may arise from these transactions...