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How Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Türkiye? 2026 Updated Guide

How Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Türkiye? 2026 Updated Guide

  The number of foreigners seeking to invest in Türkiye, conduct commercial activities, or establish a business is increasing every day. Under Turkish law, foreign individuals and legal entities are generally permitted to establish companies in Türkiye, and the company formation process is largely similar to the system applicable to Turkish citizens. However, additional matters must be considered when foreigners establish a company in Türkiye, including passports, tax identification numbers, documents relating to foreign shareholders, apostille and notarization procedures, and, where a foreign shareholder will actively work in Türkiye, work permit requirements. For this reason, before establishing a company, foreign investors should assess not only the type of company they intend to establish but also the required incorporation documents, capital structure, work permit requirements, residence status, and post-incorporation obligations as a whole.   In this article, we address the most frequently asked questions regarding company formation by foreigners in Türkiye, including how foreigners can establish a company in Türkiye, which documents are required for a company with foreign..

Removal and Withdrawal of Shareholders in a Limited Liability Company

Removal and Withdrawal of Shareholders in a Limited Liability Company

Under Turkish law, the withdrawal or removal of a shareholder from a limited liability company does not occur merely because there is a dispute between the shareholders. For both procedures, the applicable statutory provisions, the articles of association, general assembly resolutions, and, where necessary, court proceedings must be taken into consideration. Therefore, it should not be assumed that a shareholder can withdraw from the company or be removed simply by submitting a resignation letter, adopting a shareholders’ resolution, or sending a notarized notice. For the transaction to be legally valid, it is important to determine the procedure appropriate to the circumstances of the case, examine the applicable decision-making quorums, calculate the separation payment (squeeze-out/withdrawal compensation), and properly complete the relevant trade registry procedures. This article explains the ways in which a shareholder of a limited liability company may withdraw from the company, the circumstances under which a shareholder may be removed, actions for withdrawal for just cause, legal remedies against a removal decision, and matters concerning the separation p..

Major Legislative Amendments Introduced by the Judicial Reform Package Published in the Official Gazette on 31 July 2026

Major Legislative Amendments Introduced by the Judicial Reform Package Published in the Official Gazette on 31 July 2026

Key Amendments Introduced by Law No. 7589 in Enforcement Law, Civil Procedure, Administrative Procedure, Criminal Law, and the Law of Obligations Law No. 7589, published in the Official Gazette on 31 July 2026, introduced significant amendments across various branches of the Turkish legal system. The new legislation includes substantial changes affecting the practice of enforcement and bankruptcy law, civil procedure, administrative judicial procedure, criminal procedure, the law of obligations, and notarial procedures, among other areas. Below is a summary of the amendments that are expected to have the greatest practical significance...

Fixtures (Muhdesat) and Actions for the Determination of Fixtures

Fixtures (Muhdesat) and Actions for the Determination of Fixtures

Actions for the determination of fixtures (muhdesat) are of significant importance, particularly in proceedings involving the dissolution of co-ownership (izale-i şuyu), urban transformation projects, and expropriation processes, as they serve to determine the ownership of structures or planted elements situated on immovable property. In practice, disputes frequently arise concerning the legal nature of fixtures, the concept of integral parts, the function of the declarations section in the land registry, the conditions for filing such actions, the burden of proof, and limitation periods.As Uzunpınar & Tüfek Law Firm, in this comprehensive study we examine the concept of fixtures in light of the Turkish Civil Code and the precedents of the Court of Cassation, the circumstances under which an action for the determination of fixtures may be filed, the rights and obligations of the parties, and the scope of claims based on unjust enrichment. In the field of real estate law, professional legal assistance is essential to prevent loss of rights in fixture-related disputes...

What Is the Crime of Causing Zoning Pollution Under Article 184 of the Turkish Penal Code?

What Is the Crime of Causing Zoning Pollution Under Article 184 of the Turkish Penal Code?

As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Office, we provide comprehensive legal consultancy and representation services in disputes arising at the intersection of criminal law and zoning and urban planning regulations. The offense of causing zoning pollution (violation of zoning regulations), which is frequently encountered in practice, may lead to serious criminal consequences for property owners, developers, contractors, and other parties involved in construction activities carried out without a permit or in violation of the approved building permit. Determining whether the offense has been committed requires a careful assessment of several factors, including the legal definition of a building, the status of construction and occupancy permits, the zoning characteristics of the relevant area, the applicability of effective remorse provisions, and the case law established by the Court of Cassation (Yargıtay). In this article, we examine in detail the elements of the offense regulated under Article 184 of the Turkish Penal Code, the concepts of perpetrator and victim, the scope of the offense, applicable sanctions, effective remorse provisions, and the circumstances under which th..

Conditions, Time Limits, and Methods of Proof in an Action for Recovery of Property (Istihkak Claim)

Conditions, Time Limits, and Methods of Proof in an Action for Recovery of Property (Istihkak Claim)

An action for recovery of property (istihkak claim) is a lawsuit filed when it is alleged that an asset seized during enforcement proceedings does not belong to the debtor but to a third party. In other words, a third party who claims ownership or another real right over the seized property files an action for recovery of property in order to protect that right.     ..

Foreigners Law

Foreigners Law

  Foreigners Law is a branch of law that regulates the legal status of foreign nationals residing in Türkiye, in matters such as residence permit, work permit, citizenship, acquisition of immovable property, and deportation decisions. This area has gained significant importance in recent years, especially with the increase in migration processes. For foreigners who wish to live, work, invest, or acquire citizenship in Türkiye, proper management of these procedures is critical to prevent legal mistakes that may lead to irreversible consequences...

"Value Added Tax (VAT) Exemption for Foreign Nationals in Real Estate Acquisition"

VAT exemption in the acquisition of real estate by foreigners is an important tax advantage that directly affects investment decisions and is applied subject to specific conditions. In order to benefit from the exemption, matters such as the status of the buyer, the nature of the real estate, and the method of payment of the purchase price must be in compliance with the relevant legislation. In this respect, VAT exemption stands out not only as a financial convenience but also as a technical regulation that requires careful legal assessment of the applicable conditions.  ..

Commercial Law

Commercial Law

Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm provides strategic legal consultancy in the field of commercial law to ensure that companies and investors conduct their commercial activities in a secure sustainable and legally compliant manner From commercial contracts to corporate structuring and the resolution of commercial disputes we deliver result oriented solutions that protect our clients commercial interests at every stage We stand by your side to minimize legal risks in your commercial relationships and to establish a strong legal foundation..

Corporate Law

Corporate Law

  Corporate law goes far beyond company formation — it covers every stage from incorporation to liquidation...