| ONLINE CONSULTATION | İstanbul Lawyer Office

What Are the Certificate of Conformity and TTB? An Updated Guide to Turkish Citizenship Through Real Estate Investment

What Are the Certificate of Conformity and TTB? An Updated Guide to Turkish Citizenship Through Real Estate Investment

For foreign investors seeking to acquire Turkish citizenship by purchasing real estate in Türkiye, the process involves much more than simply purchasing a property. A number of legal and administrative factors must be assessed together, including whether the property is eligible for a citizenship application, whether the investment amount meets the threshold stipulated under the applicable legislation, the nature of the payment documents, the property's title deed records, the valuation procedures, and the annotation restricting the sale of the property for a period of three years. One of the important stages of this process is the Certificate of Conformity, also referred to as the Real Estate Investment Determination Certificate. In addition, following the regulations introduced in 2024, the Real Estate Acquisition-Based Amount Determination Certificate for Citizenship Acquisition (TTB) has become an important element in determining the investment amount. Accordingly, the approach of a foreign investor stating, “I have purchased a house worth USD 400,000; can I immediately apply for Turkish citizenship?”, is not sufficient on its own. The property's eligibility for citizenship p..

Annulment of General Assembly Resolutions in Joint Stock Companies

Annulment of General Assembly Resolutions in Joint Stock Companies

    The general assembly in joint stock companies is one of the most important corporate bodies through which shareholders express their will regarding the management of the company and fundamental corporate decisions. Resolutions adopted by the general assembly may have significant consequences for the company’s activities, board of directors, profit distribution, capital transactions, and shareholders’ rights.   However, not every general assembly resolution is necessarily lawful. General assembly resolutions of a joint stock company that are adopted in violation of the law, the company’s articles of association, or the principle of good faith may be annulled by a court if the conditions prescribed by law are met.   Therefore, questions such as “How can a general assembly resolution of a joint stock company be annulled?”, “How long is the limitation period for filing an action against a general assembly resolution?”, “Who can request the annulment of a general assembly resolution?” and “Which general assembly resolutions can be annulled?” are of particular importance, especially for shareholders, the board of directors, and members of the board of directors.   In this art..

How Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Türkiye? 2026 Updated Guide

How Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Türkiye? 2026 Updated Guide

  The number of foreigners seeking to invest in Türkiye, conduct commercial activities, or establish a business is increasing every day. Under Turkish law, foreign individuals and legal entities are generally permitted to establish companies in Türkiye, and the company formation process is largely similar to the system applicable to Turkish citizens. However, additional matters must be considered when foreigners establish a company in Türkiye, including passports, tax identification numbers, documents relating to foreign shareholders, apostille and notarization procedures, and, where a foreign shareholder will actively work in Türkiye, work permit requirements. For this reason, before establishing a company, foreign investors should assess not only the type of company they intend to establish but also the required incorporation documents, capital structure, work permit requirements, residence status, and post-incorporation obligations as a whole.   In this article, we address the most frequently asked questions regarding company formation by foreigners in Türkiye, including how foreigners can establish a company in Türkiye, which documents are required for a company with foreign..

Removal and Withdrawal of Shareholders in a Limited Liability Company

Removal and Withdrawal of Shareholders in a Limited Liability Company

Under Turkish law, the withdrawal or removal of a shareholder from a limited liability company does not occur merely because there is a dispute between the shareholders. For both procedures, the applicable statutory provisions, the articles of association, general assembly resolutions, and, where necessary, court proceedings must be taken into consideration. Therefore, it should not be assumed that a shareholder can withdraw from the company or be removed simply by submitting a resignation letter, adopting a shareholders’ resolution, or sending a notarized notice. For the transaction to be legally valid, it is important to determine the procedure appropriate to the circumstances of the case, examine the applicable decision-making quorums, calculate the separation payment (squeeze-out/withdrawal compensation), and properly complete the relevant trade registry procedures. This article explains the ways in which a shareholder of a limited liability company may withdraw from the company, the circumstances under which a shareholder may be removed, actions for withdrawal for just cause, legal remedies against a removal decision, and matters concerning the separation p..

Major Legislative Amendments Introduced by the Judicial Reform Package Published in the Official Gazette on 31 July 2026

Major Legislative Amendments Introduced by the Judicial Reform Package Published in the Official Gazette on 31 July 2026

Key Amendments Introduced by Law No. 7589 in Enforcement Law, Civil Procedure, Administrative Procedure, Criminal Law, and the Law of Obligations Law No. 7589, published in the Official Gazette on 31 July 2026, introduced significant amendments across various branches of the Turkish legal system. The new legislation includes substantial changes affecting the practice of enforcement and bankruptcy law, civil procedure, administrative judicial procedure, criminal procedure, the law of obligations, and notarial procedures, among other areas. Below is a summary of the amendments that are expected to have the greatest practical significance...

How to Get a Work Permit in Türkiye? A Guide to Foreigners' Right to Work, Application Requirements, and the Turquoise Card

How to Get a Work Permit in Türkiye? A Guide to Foreigners' Right to Work, Application Requirements, and the Turquoise Card

As a rule, foreigners must obtain a work permit to work legally in Türkiye. A work permit is an official authorization granting foreign nationals the right to work within the borders of the Republic of Türkiye under a specific employer or independently under certain conditions. Pursuant to the International Labor Force Law No. 6735, work permits are issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, and the participation of foreigners in the Turkish labor market is subject to specific rules. As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm, we provide comprehensive legal consultancy services to our clients regarding work permit applications, extension procedures, appeals against work permit rejections, and Turquoise Card processes...

What Is the Loss of Turkish Citizenship? Renunciation of Turkish Citizenship, Revocation, and Blue Card Rights

What Is the Loss of Turkish Citizenship? Renunciation of Turkish Citizenship, Revocation, and Blue Card Rights

As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm, we provide comprehensive and professional legal services to our clients in matters concerning the loss of Turkish citizenship, renunciation of citizenship, revocation of citizenship, and cancellation of citizenship, which are frequently encountered within the scope of immigration law, citizenship law, and administrative law disputes. The loss of Turkish citizenship, just like its acquisition, may have significant consequences for an individual’s legal status, rights in Türkiye, and international standing. In particular, applications for renunciation of Turkish citizenship, the Blue Card regime, decisions regarding deprivation of citizenship, and citizenship cancellation procedures involve complex legal processes and require careful legal assessment in order to prevent potential loss of rights. Therefore, it is crucial to properly analyze the legal requirements for the loss of citizenship, to conduct administrative procedures in compliance with the applicable legislation, and, where necessary, to pursue available judicial remedies before the administrative courts. In this article, we will examine in detail the circumstances under whic..

Rental Assistance and Other Supports Provided Under Urban Transformation

Rental Assistance and Other Supports Provided Under Urban Transformation

As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Office, we provide legal consultancy services to our clients regarding rental assistance, interest subsidies, and financing opportunities available to rights holders within the scope of urban transformation processes carried out under Law No. 6306. In order to encourage the redevelopment of buildings classified as risky structures, the legislation provides various financial support mechanisms, including rental assistance for property owners and, under certain conditions, tenants, assessment loans for risk determination procedures, demolition loans for the removal of risky buildings, construction loans for reconstruction projects, and interest subsidies for bank loans. Furthermore, tenants and holders of limited real rights who meet the statutory requirements may also benefit from housing or workplace allocations. In this article, we briefly examine the scope of these financial support mechanisms, the application requirements, and the key practical considerations arising within the urban transformation process...

New Amendments to the Regulation on Commercial Advertisements and Unfair Commercial Practices

New Amendments to the Regulation on Commercial Advertisements and Unfair Commercial Practices

With the Regulation Amending the Regulation on Commercial Advertisements and Unfair Commercial Practices, published in the Official Gazette on 1 July 2026, the following amendments and additions have been introduced to the Regulation, effective as of 1 August 2026. ..

How Is the Real Estate Purchase and Sale Process Managed for Foreigners?

How Is the Real Estate Purchase and Sale Process Managed for Foreigners?

The real estate purchase and sale process for foreigners is not limited solely to title deed transactions, but is a comprehensive procedure that includes numerous legal, administrative, and financial stages. Determining whether the property is eligible for acquisition, complying with legal restrictions, ensuring contractual security, and properly structuring the payment process are of great importance in preventing potential risks. For this reason, real estate purchase and sale transactions by foreigners in Türkiye stand out as a field that requires thorough knowledge of the legislation and careful legal planning...

The Situation of Condominium Owners Who Cannot Reach an Agreement with the Contractor Within the Scope of the Urban Transformation Law

The Situation of Condominium Owners Who Cannot Reach an Agreement with the Contractor Within the Scope of the Urban Transformation Law

In renewal processes carried out within the scope of the Urban Transformation Law, the inability of condominium owners to reach an agreement with the contractor constitutes one of the significant areas of dispute frequently encountered in practice. Particularly after the determination of a risky building, the failure to achieve consensus between the parties raises questions regarding how the process will proceed and how rights will be protected. For this reason, in cases where an agreement with the contractor cannot be reached, the legal position of condominium owners and the legal remedies available to them must be carefully evaluated within the framework of the Law...

Acquisition of Exceptional Citizenship by a Foreign Investor

Acquisition of Exceptional Citizenship by a Foreign Investor

The exceptional acquisition of Turkish citizenship by foreign investors is a special process in which investment decisions give rise not only to economic but also to legal consequences. The fulfillment of criteria such as real estate acquisition, capital investment, or creation of employment in compliance with the relevant legislation plays a decisive role in the proper progression of the application. For this reason, acquisition of citizenship through the exceptional procedure stands out as a field requiring expertise, in which administrative procedures are managed meticulously and legal assessments are carried out accurately...

Investment Consultancy

Investment Consultancy

  Reliable, comprehensive, and strategically planned legal consultancy is essential for individuals and institutions planning to invest both in Turkey and abroad...

Acquiring Citizenship Through Marriage

Acquiring Citizenship Through Marriage

The acquisition of Turkish citizenship through marriage is a process that is possible not only by the establishment of the marital union, but also by the evaluation of the authenticity and continuity of the marriage within the framework of legal criteria. In the examinations to be carried out by the administration, in addition to formal requirements, whether the marriage actually continues and whether there is any situation contrary to public order are also taken into consideration. In this respect, acquisition of citizenship through marriage stands out as a field that requires care and diligence, and that must be addressed together with its administrative and legal dimensions...

Steps For Application To Turkish Citizenship Through Real Estate Investment

Steps For Application To Turkish Citizenship Through Real Estate Investment

The process of applying for Turkish citizenship through real estate investment is a multi-stage procedure that must be conducted by jointly evaluating the legal and administrative consequences of the investment decision. From the selection of the property to the title deed transactions, and from obtaining the certificate of conformity to submitting the citizenship application, it is of great importance that each step is completed in compliance with the relevant legislation. For this reason, acquisition of citizenship through real estate stands out as a special type of application that requires a planned and careful legal approach from the very beginning of the process. ..

"Value Added Tax (VAT) Exemption for Foreign Nationals in Real Estate Acquisition"

VAT exemption in the acquisition of real estate by foreigners is an important tax advantage that directly affects investment decisions and is applied subject to specific conditions. In order to benefit from the exemption, matters such as the status of the buyer, the nature of the real estate, and the method of payment of the purchase price must be in compliance with the relevant legislation. In this respect, VAT exemption stands out not only as a financial convenience but also as a technical regulation that requires careful legal assessment of the applicable conditions.  ..

Marriage Of Foreigners In Turkey

Marriage Of Foreigners In Turkey

The marriage of foreigners in Türkiye is a multifaceted process that gives rise to legal consequences under both Turkish law and the foreign legal systems to which the parties are subject. Legal capacity to marry, the procurement of the required documents, and the complete fulfillment of administrative procedures are of great importance for the validity of the marriage. In this respect, the marriage of foreigners in Türkiye is not limited to mere formalities but constitutes a process whose legal consequences must be carefully evaluated...

Commercial Law

Commercial Law

Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Firm provides strategic legal consultancy in the field of commercial law to ensure that companies and investors conduct their commercial activities in a secure sustainable and legally compliant manner From commercial contracts to corporate structuring and the resolution of commercial disputes we deliver result oriented solutions that protect our clients commercial interests at every stage We stand by your side to minimize legal risks in your commercial relationships and to establish a strong legal foundation..

Corporate Law

Corporate Law

  Corporate law goes far beyond company formation — it covers every stage from incorporation to liquidation...

Urban Transformation Law

Urban Transformation Law

  Urban transformation law is a specialized branch of law that regulates the legal relationships arising in the processes of identifying, evacuating, demolishing, and reconstructing buildings at risk of disasters..