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Commercial Real Estate Leasing for Companies: Essential Clauses to Include in a Lease Agreement

Commercial Real Estate Leasing for Companies: Essential Clauses to Include in a Lease Agreement

When a company leases an office, retail store, warehouse, factory, hotel, or other commercial property, the process involves much more than simply finding a suitable location and agreeing on the rent. The provisions of the lease agreement can directly affect the company's ability to carry out its business activities, its investment costs, rental expenses, and potential legal disputes in the future.   Particularly in long-term leases, issues such as the property's unsuitability for the intended business activity, the inability to obtain the necessary permits, improperly determined rent increase terms, or the early termination of the agreement may result in significant financial losses.   For this reason, when leasing commercial real estate, companies should consider not only the rental price and the property's physical characteristics but also the legal implications of the lease agreement.   So, which provisions should be carefully considered when drafting a commercial real estate lease agreement?..

How to Obtain a Tourism Operation Certificate for Hotels? Updated 2026 Guide

How to Obtain a Tourism Operation Certificate for Hotels? Updated 2026 Guide

For companies operating hotels, motels, guesthouses and other accommodation facilities in Türkiye, the Tourism Operation Certificate (Turizm İşletmesi Belgesi) is not merely a quality or classification certificate held by the business. The certification process is directly related to the facility’s operating licence, the legal status of the property, its scope of activity, its physical characteristics and the business’s compliance with applicable legislation.   In particular, the increasing inspections of accommodation facilities in recent years, together with stricter sanctions concerning the online advertising, marketing and sale of accommodation facilities operating without the required certificate, have made legal compliance even more important for hotel businesses.   So, how can a hotel obtain a Tourism Operation Certificate? Which documents are required for the application? Is an Opening and Operating Licence (İşyeri Açma ve Çalışma Ruhsatı) sufficient? Can reservations be accepted through Booking, a website or social media without obtaining the certificate?..

How Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Türkiye? 2026 Updated Guide

How Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Türkiye? 2026 Updated Guide

  The number of foreigners seeking to invest in Türkiye, conduct commercial activities, or establish a business is increasing every day. Under Turkish law, foreign individuals and legal entities are generally permitted to establish companies in Türkiye, and the company formation process is largely similar to the system applicable to Turkish citizens. However, additional matters must be considered when foreigners establish a company in Türkiye, including passports, tax identification numbers, documents relating to foreign shareholders, apostille and notarization procedures, and, where a foreign shareholder will actively work in Türkiye, work permit requirements. For this reason, before establishing a company, foreign investors should assess not only the type of company they intend to establish but also the required incorporation documents, capital structure, work permit requirements, residence status, and post-incorporation obligations as a whole.   In this article, we address the most frequently asked questions regarding company formation by foreigners in Türkiye, including how foreigners can establish a company in Türkiye, which documents are required for a company with foreign..

From What Date Can a Rent Determination Lawsuit Be Filed Under Article 344/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations (TCO) If the Parties Have Executed a Supplementary Agreement on the Rent Amount?

From What Date Can a Rent Determination Lawsuit Be Filed Under Article 344/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations (TCO) If the Parties Have Executed a Supplementary Agreement on the Rent Amount?

As Uzunpınar & Tüfek International Law Office, we provide comprehensive legal consultancy and litigation services in disputes arising from tenancy law. In particular, in rent determination lawsuits filed pursuant to Article 344/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations, determining whether the tenancy relationship has exceeded the five-year period and assessing the effect of subsequent rent adjustment agreements on this period are of critical importance. In practice, disputes frequently arise regarding whether additional protocols or subsequently executed agreements between the parties restart the statutory five-year period. In this article, we examine the legal consequences of supplementary agreements increasing the rent amount, the circumstances under which a subsequent agreement may be considered a new lease agreement, the evaluation of comparable market rental values, and the current case law of the Court of Cassation and Regional Courts of Appeal. We also discuss from which date a rent determination action may be filed under Article 344/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations...

Conditions, Time Limits, and Methods of Proof in an Action for Recovery of Property (Istihkak Claim)

Conditions, Time Limits, and Methods of Proof in an Action for Recovery of Property (Istihkak Claim)

An action for recovery of property (istihkak claim) is a lawsuit filed when it is alleged that an asset seized during enforcement proceedings does not belong to the debtor but to a third party. In other words, a third party who claims ownership or another real right over the seized property files an action for recovery of property in order to protect that right.     ..

Eviction Lawsuit Due to Need

Eviction Lawsuit Due to Need

Eviction lawsuits due to need are among the important areas of dispute that require the real and sincere need of the landlord for the immovable property to be evaluated within a legal framework. If the need for housing or a workplace is not presented in accordance with procedural requirements, the process may both be prolonged and lead to loss of rights. For this reason, eviction lawsuits due to need require a careful legal approach in which statutory conditions are meticulously addressed and evidence and legal grounds are constructed accurately...

Unjust Enrichment (Ecrimisil) Lawsuit

Unjust Enrichment (Ecrimisil) Lawsuit

Ecrimisil lawsuits are among the significant ownership disputes that arise when an immovable property is used unlawfully and without the consent of the rightful owner. The determination of unlawful use, the duration of such use, and the calculation of the compensation that may be claimed require the legal and technical aspects of the process to be evaluated together. For this reason, ecrimisil lawsuits must be handled within the framework of a careful legal approach that requires full command of the relevant legislation and the proper presentation of evidence in order to prevent any loss of rights...

Permission to Show the Leased Property Lawsuit

Permission to Show the Leased Property Lawsuit

Permission to Show the Leased Property lawsuits are among the special types of disputes aimed at preserving the balance of interests between the parties throughout the continuation of the lease relationship. Where the showing of the leased property to third parties for legally valid reasons such as sale or re-leasing is obstructed, the conditions under which this right may be exercised must be carefully assessed. For this reason, permission to show the leased property lawsuits constitute legal processes that must be addressed within the framework of lease-specific regulations, with due regard to the principles of proportionality and necessity...

Real Estate Law

Real Estate Law

  Real estate law is the branch of law that covers all transactions related to immovable properties such as land, plots, residences, and commercial properties, as well as the disputes that may arise from these transactions...